Thousands of migrants have crossed into Spain's North African enclave of Ceuta, many swimming around border barriers or climbing fences from Morocco in one of the largest migration surges in recent years.
The crossings have prompted renewed debate over European border security and migration policy. Spain says many migrants have already returned to Morocco, while several European governments have announced tighter border measures following the surge.
The report examines the humanitarian impact of the crossings, the role of migrant smuggling networks, and the legal debate surrounding Europe's Schengen free movement area after political calls for stricter border controls.
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