This is the first tutorial in a series of articles where we are introducing the basic concepts of Java that a beginner needs to have a firm grip on before proceeding with the language.
The focus here is to build a solid understanding of Java’s core principles.
The focus here is to build a solid understanding of Java’s core principles.
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So let’s dive in and explore the basics that will form the foundation for more in-depth learning in the upcoming tutorial.
Java: What is it? Java is the most preferred programming language by software developers. It is a class-based, object-oriented programming language. It has a Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA) feature, which means that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation. Developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems Inc. in 1995 and later acquired by Oracle Corporation, Java celebrated its 25th anniversary on May 23, 2020.
It is known for its simplicity, robustness, and security features, making it a popular choice for enterprise-level applications.
Features of Java
As a programming language, the primary objective of Java was to make it secure.
But apart from this, there are also some other features that contribute to making it one of the most preferred programming languages.
The features of Java are also known as Java buzzwords. Some of the most prominent features of Java are explained below.
Simplicity: The syntax of Java is simple, clean, and easy to understand. Moreover, as the syntax is based on C++, it can be even simpler for aspiring developers with prior knowledge of C++. Java has removed many complicated features like explicit pointers, operated overloading, etc. There is no need to remove unreferenced objects owing to the presence of an automatic garbage collector, adding to the simplicity factor.
Object-oriented programming language: Java is an object-oriented programming language, which means we organise our software as a combination of different types of objects that encompass both data and behaviour. Hence, this methodology simplifies software development and maintenance.
Platform-independent: Languages such as C, C++, etc. are compiled into platform-specific machines. A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program runs. So a platform can either be hardware-based or software-based.
The Java platform is a hardware-based software platform that sits atop other platforms. Java code can be executed on multiple platforms, for example, Windows, Linux, Sun Solaris, Mac/OS, etc. The compiler compiles and transforms Java code into bytecode. This bytecode is platform-independent because it can be run on multiple platforms, i.e., Write Once and Run Anywhere (WORA).
Security: It is one of the most looked-upon features of Java. Because of this feature, Java is used to develop virus-free systems. This feature can be attributed to the following factors:
No specific indication Java Programs run inside a virtual machine sandbox
Classloader: It is a part of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), which is used to load the Java classes into the Java virtual machine dynamically. By separating the package for local file system classes from those imported from network sources, it improves security. Bytecode Verifier: It checks the code fragments for illegal code that can violate access rights to objects.
Security Manager: It determines what resources a class can access, such as reading and writing to the local disc.
The Java language provides these securities by default. Some security can also be provided by an application developer explicitly through SSL, JAAS, cryptography, etc.
So let’s dive in and explore the basics that will form the foundation for more in-depth learning in the upcoming tutorial.
Java: What is it? Java is the most preferred programming language by software developers. It is a class-based, object-oriented programming language. It has a Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA) feature, which means that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation. Developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems Inc. in 1995 and later acquired by Oracle Corporation, Java celebrated its 25th anniversary on May 23, 2020.
It is known for its simplicity, robustness, and security features, making it a popular choice for enterprise-level applications.
Features of Java
As a programming language, the primary objective of Java was to make it secure.
But apart from this, there are also some other features that contribute to making it one of the most preferred programming languages.
The features of Java are also known as Java buzzwords. Some of the most prominent features of Java are explained below.
Simplicity: The syntax of Java is simple, clean, and easy to understand. Moreover, as the syntax is based on C++, it can be even simpler for aspiring developers with prior knowledge of C++. Java has removed many complicated features like explicit pointers, operated overloading, etc. There is no need to remove unreferenced objects owing to the presence of an automatic garbage collector, adding to the simplicity factor.
Object-oriented programming language: Java is an object-oriented programming language, which means we organise our software as a combination of different types of objects that encompass both data and behaviour. Hence, this methodology simplifies software development and maintenance.
Platform-independent: Languages such as C, C++, etc. are compiled into platform-specific machines. A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program runs. So a platform can either be hardware-based or software-based.
The Java platform is a hardware-based software platform that sits atop other platforms. Java code can be executed on multiple platforms, for example, Windows, Linux, Sun Solaris, Mac/OS, etc. The compiler compiles and transforms Java code into bytecode. This bytecode is platform-independent because it can be run on multiple platforms, i.e., Write Once and Run Anywhere (WORA).
Security: It is one of the most looked-upon features of Java. Because of this feature, Java is used to develop virus-free systems. This feature can be attributed to the following factors:
No specific indication Java Programs run inside a virtual machine sandbox
Classloader: It is a part of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), which is used to load the Java classes into the Java virtual machine dynamically. By separating the package for local file system classes from those imported from network sources, it improves security. Bytecode Verifier: It checks the code fragments for illegal code that can violate access rights to objects.
Security Manager: It determines what resources a class can access, such as reading and writing to the local disc.
The Java language provides these securities by default. Some security can also be provided by an application developer explicitly through SSL, JAAS, cryptography, etc.
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Robust: The following factors are responsible for this specific characteristic:
Strong memory management
Lack of security-preventive guidelines Automatic garbage collection to get rid of objects not in use anymore
Presence of exception-handling and type-checking mechanisms
Portable: It facilitates us to carry the Java bytecode to any platform without requiring any implementation.
Java Terminology
For starters, familiarity with these terms is fundamental for Java developers to navigate the development and execution lifecycle of Java applications, ensuring efficient coding, portability, and effective memory management. This knowledge enables developers to build robust and cross-platform Java applications.
Java Development Kit (JDK): It is a software development kit used for developing Java applications. It includes tools such as the Java compiler, debugger, and other utilities required for Java programming. It also contains the JRE (Java Runtime Environment), which allows developers to run their applications during the development phase.
The Java Run-time Environment, or JRE, is a component of the Java development kit that serves as the runtime environment for running Java applications. It includes the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), class libraries, and other components needed to run Java applications but does not contain development tools like compilers and debuggers.
Java Virtual Machine (JVM): It is an integral part of both the JDK and JRE. It is a virtualized execution environment that allows Java bytecode to be executed on different platforms without modification. The JVM interprets Java bytecode or, in some cases, uses just-in-time (JIT) compilation to convert bytecode into native machine code for improved performance.
Bytecode in the Development Process: It is an intermediate representation of a Java program generated by the Java compiler. Instead of compiling the Java source code for a specific computer architecture, the compiler produces bytecode. This bytecode is platform-independent and can be executed by any JVM, providing the ‘Write Once, Run Anywhere’ capability.
Robust: The following factors are responsible for this specific characteristic:
Strong memory management
Lack of security-preventive guidelines Automatic garbage collection to get rid of objects not in use anymore
Presence of exception-handling and type-checking mechanisms
Portable: It facilitates us to carry the Java bytecode to any platform without requiring any implementation.
Java Terminology
For starters, familiarity with these terms is fundamental for Java developers to navigate the development and execution lifecycle of Java applications, ensuring efficient coding, portability, and effective memory management. This knowledge enables developers to build robust and cross-platform Java applications.
Java Development Kit (JDK): It is a software development kit used for developing Java applications. It includes tools such as the Java compiler, debugger, and other utilities required for Java programming. It also contains the JRE (Java Runtime Environment), which allows developers to run their applications during the development phase.
The Java Run-time Environment, or JRE, is a component of the Java development kit that serves as the runtime environment for running Java applications. It includes the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), class libraries, and other components needed to run Java applications but does not contain development tools like compilers and debuggers.
Java Virtual Machine (JVM): It is an integral part of both the JDK and JRE. It is a virtualized execution environment that allows Java bytecode to be executed on different platforms without modification. The JVM interprets Java bytecode or, in some cases, uses just-in-time (JIT) compilation to convert bytecode into native machine code for improved performance.
Bytecode in the Development Process: It is an intermediate representation of a Java program generated by the Java compiler. Instead of compiling the Java source code for a specific computer architecture, the compiler produces bytecode. This bytecode is platform-independent and can be executed by any JVM, providing the ‘Write Once, Run Anywhere’ capability.
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Garbage Collector: Garbage collection is a process in programming languages with automatic memory management. It is where the system automatically reclaims memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use or referenced by the program. The purpose of a garbage collector is to free up memory resources or prevent memory leaks. It is prevalent in languages like Java, C#, and Python.
ClassPath: In the context of Java programming, the ClassPath is an environment variable that tells the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) where to look for user-defined classes and packages. When a Java program is executed, the JVM searches for the necessary classes and resources specified in the ClassPath. It can include directories, JAR (Java Archive) files, or ZIP files containing compiled Java classes.
Garbage Collector: Garbage collection is a process in programming languages with automatic memory management. It is where the system automatically reclaims memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use or referenced by the program. The purpose of a garbage collector is to free up memory resources or prevent memory leaks. It is prevalent in languages like Java, C#, and Python.
ClassPath: In the context of Java programming, the ClassPath is an environment variable that tells the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) where to look for user-defined classes and packages. When a Java program is executed, the JVM searches for the necessary classes and resources specified in the ClassPath. It can include directories, JAR (Java Archive) files, or ZIP files containing compiled Java classes.
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